CANTERBURY TALES
Chaucer wrote his collection of stories, told as if by pilgrims on the road from× London to Canterbury, in the last two decades of the 14th century. The book was unfinished when he died in 1400. No text in his own hand still exists, but the surprising number of near-contemporary copies that do survive - over 80 - suggests the tales proved a medieval 'bestseller'. This early and richly ornamented manuscript copy was made within a generation of× Chaucer's death.
Who was Chaucer?
Geoffrey Chaucer was born in× London, around 1345, into a well-connected family of wine-merchants. As a young teenager he was taken into an aristocratic household. Still in his teens, he fought in Edward III's army in×France. During a botched attack on Rheims, Chaucer was taken prisoner, but released after a ransom was paid, in part by the king himself.
By 1367, he had entered royal service under the patronage of the king's son, the powerful× John of Gaunt, Duke of× Lancaster. When the duke's wife died two years later,× Chaucer composed the 'Book of the Duchess' in her memory, his first known poem.
For the rest of his life,× Chaucer's fortunes were tied to the political intrigues of court life. While John of× Gaunt's influence was in the ascendant he did well, obtaining generous pensions and lucrative administrative appointments, such as× Comptroller of the Custom and× Subsidy of Wools, Hides and× Woodfells. Diplomatic duties took him to× France and Italy, where he became familiar with the works of Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio - authors who would inspire his own poetry.
When Edward III died in 1377, he was succeeded by his young grandson, Richard II. As the new king's uncle,× John of Gaunt's authority grew stronger - much to the advantage of× Chaucer, who reached the top of his public career when he became one of the two knights for the county of× Kent in 1386.
But a turbulent power struggle between× John of Gaunt and× Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of× Gloucester would soon lead to a decline in× Chaucer's circumstances. His last years were spent using his court connections to secure protection from his creditors as he waited for royal pensions to be paid. Chaucer died in 1400.
What is the 'Canterbury Tales' about?
Chaucer's long poem follows the journey of a group of pilgrims, 31 including Chaucer himself, from the Tabard Inn in Southwark to St Thomas à Becket's shrine at Canterbury Cathedral. The host at the inn suggests each pilgrim tell two tales on the way out and two on the way home to help while away their time on the road. The best storyteller is to be rewarded with a free supper on their return.
This literary device gives Chaucer the opportunity to paint a series of vivid word portraits of a cross-section of his society, from a knight and prioress, to a carpenter and cook; a much-married wife of Bath, to a bawdy miller - an occupation regarded in Chaucer's day as shifty and dishonest.
Chaucer mixes satire and realism in lively characterisations of his pilgrims. The tone of their tales ranges from pious to comic, with humour veering between erudite wit and good honest vulgarity. Taken together, the tales offer a fascinating insight into English life during the late 14th century.
Chaucer's original plan was for over 100 stories, but only 24 were completed, some of which had already been written for earlier works. Their order varies in different surviving copies, the Hengwrt manuscript being valued most for its accuracy.
Why was Chaucer important?
Chaucer is credited with having set the style for Middle English literature. Earlier Anglo-Saxon poetry, such as 'Beowulf', had been succeeded by a taste for French literature, in large part the result of England being ruled by Norman French kings after the Conquest of 1066. Even by Chaucer's day, the royal court was still bilingual.
His first works are either translations of French originals or much influenced by them. Later, Chaucer's writing picked up an Italian flavour through his diplomatic visits there. Finally, he blended French, Italian and classical influences into a truly English style in two great works: 'Troilus and Criseyed' and the 'Canterbury Tales'.
Continuous publication of the 'Canterbury Tales' since Chaucer's death, and the inspiration it has provided for other writers and artists, are testimony to the enduring appeal of his characters and their stories: proof that people's hopes and fears - and the English sense of humour - are little changed by six centuries of history.
Why Geoffrey Chaucer is
considered the father of the English Language?
Chaucer known as the father of English
poetry when he started writing there was no standards in English. He was the
first person who introduced modern English. It is better to consider him as the
father of the modern English poetry. There were some earlier poets in England
but their language has established to spoken and their versification has become
out of date and does not appeal to us any longer.
We give him the title because of his
accomplishments. His largest and best known are The Canterbury Tales. In this
work Chaucer creates a frame story with his poetry. The outer story is the
pilgrimage that the group is taking to pay homage to Becket at Canterbury. The
inside story is a collection of short stories focusing on the individual
travelers.
Through his own life experiences, is able
to give us a picture of life un his age for all levels of society. His Tales
give us the knight to the plowman. Not many authors have ever been able to do
this well, and it was several hundred years before Shakespeare came along and
was also able to successfully represent all members of society in a
straightforward and truthful way while still being entertaining.
He is called the father of English
literature because he was the first to write what became generally well-known
and recognized poems and stories in the language of the common people of his
time medieval English. Until that time, the language of the educated and of
written literature in England was Latin or French. Chaucer wrote a great many
works that were well-received during his lifetime and that continue to be
recognized as masterpieces, but the defining factor that sets him apart was the
fact that they were written in English.
What even started the
traditional pilgrimage to Canterbury?
Because of Thomas Becket death people go to
Cathedral because ever since the murder of Becket in the Cathedral in 1170,
Canterbury has attracted thousands of pilgrims.
What sort of picture did
Chaucer want to portray about English society through his tales?
Since Chaucer sets on the Canterbury Tales
at a time of economic transition in England, in which new mercantile and
artisan classes are shaking things up for the more traditional
"estates" of those who pray, those who fight, and those who work, you
can bet that class is going to be a big issue in the Tales. It's most important
in the pictures of members of these new classes like the Merchant or
Tradesmen's. These portraits explore the source of these tourists' wealth and
the way they and their families are dealing with their newfound social status.
One of the most important questions this new class raises is what qualifies
someone to have a position of power in their community. Is it only wealth, as
seems to be the case when these men ascend to important positions in the government,
or is something more "noble" required, as traditionalists would have
us believe? The contrast between members of the new and traditional social
classes allows The Canterbury Tales to explore this question.
Here you have a link with all the CANTERBURY TALES
Written by:
Geoffrey Chaucer
All of them have there own interestings aspects, take a lot of it, you will like it to!